In a major escalation, Israel’s security cabinet voted this week to expand its ground offensive in Gaza, aiming to seize full territorial control of the enclave and maintain a military presence until Hamas is disarmed or removed. The new plan, approved under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s leadership, will roll out gradually over several months, starting with one section of the enclave. The move follows the collapse of a U.S.-brokered ceasefire in March and marks a significant shift in Israel’s approach—from targeted raids to territorial occupation.

According to Israeli officials cited by public broadcaster Kan, the long-term strategy may still allow space for diplomatic negotiations, including a ceasefire and hostage release deal before U.S. President Donald Trump’s upcoming visit to the region. Cabinet Minister Zeev Elkin stated that there remains a “window of opportunity” for Hamas to reach an agreement, emphasizing that Israel’s posture is one of strength and determination. Meanwhile, the Israeli military has issued tens of thousands of call-up orders for reserve forces to prepare for the expanded campaign, despite growing international scrutiny over the humanitarian toll of the conflict.

From a peacebuilding perspective, the decision to entrench military presence across Gaza raises serious concerns. While national security is a legitimate priority, indefinite military control without a viable post-conflict political strategy risks deepening cycles of violence and displacement. The current blockade on aid, combined with the mass displacement of Gaza’s 2.3 million residents, is creating conditions that are not conducive to long-term peace. Humanitarian agencies like the Norwegian Refugee Council have already expressed alarm over attempts to “militarize” aid delivery systems, stating their refusal to participate in distribution hubs controlled by the Israeli military.

The roots of the conflict trace back to Hamas’ assault on Israel on October 7th, 2023, which resulted in the deaths of 1,200 people and the kidnapping of 251 hostages, the deadliest attack in Israel’s history. In response, Israel launched a ground and air campaign that has since killed over 52,000 Palestinians—many of them civilians—according to Gaza health authorities. The destruction of much of Gaza’s infrastructure and the restricted flow of humanitarian aid have compounded the crisis, prompting widespread calls for a negotiated end to the war.

Looking forward, the escalation raises complex questions about the future of Gaza and the prospects for peace in the region. Without a clear political roadmap or efforts to engage in meaningful negotiations, the risk of protracted guerrilla warfare looms large. The international community must press for immediate humanitarian relief and a renewed commitment to a negotiated two-state solution. As public support for the war wanes inside Israel and the humanitarian situation deteriorates, the path toward peace cannot afford further delays or half-measures.